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Refugio oil spill
The Refugio oil spill on May 19, 2015 deposited of crude oil onto one of the most biologically diverse coastlines of the west coast.〔 The corroded pipeline blamed for the spill has been closed indefinitely, resulting in financial losses estimated as high as $74 million if it and a related pipeline remain out of service for three years.
The oil spill, located immediately north of Refugio State Beach in Santa Barbara County, California,〔 originated in a pipeline named Line 901 owned by Plains All American Pipeline. It was used to transport crude oil produced by offshore platforms from onshore receiving plants to another pipeline that transported the oil inland for processing. The oil pipeline owner initially had trouble identifying the location of the leak. The 28 year old pipeline was not equipped with an automatic shut off valve as is customary on newer pipelines.
Hundreds of animals along the coast were coated with the thick crude oil and many died. Three state parks located along the coastline were temporarily closed. While much smaller than the oil rig blowout that resulted in the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, this spill may have greater long term effects due to its potential impact on four state marine protected areas. Due to the unique characteristics of the area, it is one of the most studied marine environments in the United States.
== Background ==
The area was one of the earliest locations in California developed for offshore oil and gas production. Crude oil and natural gas produced by offshore platforms is processed at onshore receiving plants before being transported to distant refineries. The source of the spill was Line 901, a owned by Plains All American Pipeline. The was constructed in 1987 along the Gaviota coast to service the crude oil produced by offshore drilling. The pipeline can transport a day〔 and the contents are heated to as high as .〔 Truck transportation of oil was phased out in Santa Barbara County in the 1970s because pipelines were considered a safer option.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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